![Available online at ScienceDirect](/6ky5vhl/215.jpg)
Available online at ScienceDirect
Mining energy consumption contributes to mining operational costs and occurs at all stages of the ore recovery process: blasting, excavation, crushing, transport and grinding (comminution). For example, the copper mining industry is expected to consume terawatthours (TWh) in 2025, an increase of percent from 2013 [11]. New mining ...